How Optical mouse works

The main idea about optical mice is that they use a very small camera like device. This camera takes 1500 pictures every second and the digital signal processor analyzes those images. The sensor that takes images is CMOS sensor. CMOS stands for complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor. Red light emitting diode is used for light bouncing from the surface. The idea is simple. Diode emits the light, light bounces off the surface and then goes to the CMOS sensor. The CMOS sensor sends 1500 surface images per second to the DSP (digital signal processor). DSP analyzes pictures and detects the movement. The movement is detected because of the pattern changes in provided pictures. The distance and the direction are evaluated by DSP and the coordinates are sent to the computer. Now it is computer's task to move the cursor to the position needed. 

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Once Newton's method of root finding starts to converge, the error is squared at each step.

— Computer Science (@CompSciFact) June 28, 2013

For MDU old Question paper

Old question paper are the mirror to the actual study you did. They provide you the parameter of Examination preparation so it is always advisable to have a look on the previous year question papers.
MDU old Question paper

what is trap or an exception

A trap is a software generated interrupt caused either by an error ( for example, divison by zero or invalid memory access) or by specific request from a  user program that an operating system service.

Computer Aided Process Programming : Mechanical: By Vinod Dhull , Asstt. Professor, HIT, Bahadurgarh

http://www.erp4learn.com/index_files/CAPP_PRESENTATION.PPT
 Once the design of the product is evolved, its manufacturing necessitates planning and scheduling of the various processes of the manufacture so that the product is made to right specifications and delivered at right time and at minimal cost.

The cycle from concept to design , planning, production, quality control and feedback to design goes on in which one can easily understand the crucial role of process planning.

Dr. Vinay Goyal: Adavance Computer Architecture

Dr. Vinay Goyal: Adavance Computer Architecture: Course Objective: The objective of this course is to provide a through discussion of fundamentals of computer architecture . After doi...

Operating system

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Asymmetric multiprocessing vs symmetric multiprocessing

ASYMMETRIC multiprocessing:    In this each processor is assigned a specific task. Amaster processor controls the system;  the other processors either look to master for instruction or have predefined tasks. This scheme defines master slave relationship.

Symmetric multiprocessing:   (smp) in this each processor perform all tasks within the operating system.  SMP means that all processor are peer, no master slave.