Q. 1 (a) What is state and cycle?
Answer:
State: It is a particular configuration of storage units like Registers or Memory, and a state transition is a change in that configuration.
Cycle: It is the Time between state transitions. If storage registers are being reconfigured , its called Machine Cycle. If Memory is being reconfigured it is called Memory Cycle.
Q.1(b) Differentiate between Horizontal and Vertical instruction.
Answer: In micoprogrammed machine , the microinstruction define the control point values required throughout the system as well as control the sequencing of interpretation of an operation.
Answer:
State: It is a particular configuration of storage units like Registers or Memory, and a state transition is a change in that configuration.
Cycle: It is the Time between state transitions. If storage registers are being reconfigured , its called Machine Cycle. If Memory is being reconfigured it is called Memory Cycle.
Q.1(b) Differentiate between Horizontal and Vertical instruction.
Answer: In micoprogrammed machine , the microinstruction define the control point values required throughout the system as well as control the sequencing of interpretation of an operation.
- In most machines, the control points are encoded in some fashion in microinstruction representation, making more efficient use of microprogram storage. Some design highly encode the control point actions so that only afew actions may be activated in a particular cycle. This type of microinstruction are called vertical microinstruction and requires an additional decoder to process the encoded control point information.
- In contrast, other designs partition control point actions into many different classes, any of which can be activated within any given cycle. This type of microinstruction is referred as a horizontal microinstruction.
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